Most other leagues don’t call their own championships/titles the “world” anything. American Major League Baseball explicitly calls its finals the World Series. The American NBA calls its winners the World Champions.
For those two sports and leagues, it’s a pretty solid argument that those are the best players and coaches in the world at those sports, where the American leagues attract the absolute best talent.
It’s harder to make that argument for soccer leagues around the world, though.
A substantial number of baseball’s all-stars, in Major League Baseball, are not from the US. It’s a popular enough sport elsewhere, but the best players tend to want to come to the US to play. About 25% of the players are foreign.
Same with basketball, which hasn’t had an American MVP in 8 years. About 30% of the players are foreign.
So the question becomes, does the money get created when it is put in a deposit account balance, or when it gets spent outside the bank for the first time?
The textbook answer is that the money is created as soon as the deposit balance is created, not when the account holder spends it down enough to where the bank needs to borrow to maintain liquidity. It’s how the Fed counts M1, for example.
The bank’s need to actually run a viable business, and central bank regulations, prevents it from going nuts with this, but that’s beside the point of what I’m saying: a bank doesn’t need the central bank’s permission or approval to create money by extending loans. In the aggregate, central bank policy affects the way all the different banks do this, but the end result is that the banks can create a shitload more money than there are reserves (and the reserves don’t need to be physical currency, either, since they can just be balances in accounts with other financial institutions).
I can withdraw all I own and turn it into gold or pebbles if I like
You don’t turn it into anything. You spend it to buy something else. You can spend it without withdrawing any kind of physical representation of the currency, too, with just plain old electronic payment systems.
The borrower provides an asset (collateral) and the bank provides an asset (savings from third parties).
Plenty of loans are made unsecured, where the borrower doesn’t pledge the asset. The act of money creation through lending is the same regardless of whether it’s secured or unsecured loans. And even secured loans don’t change the underlying ownership and control of the collateral, unless a foreclosure happens.
That’s not how central banks work. You still need collateral, which you can’t pledge multiple times.
Yes, but the collateral can be the loans that they’ve extended, which, again, were created by creating a loan balance and a deposit balance. So they can extend a loan for $100, let the borrower spend $100, and then borrow against the original borrower’s loan balance.
No, it can’t be done infinitely, but I never claimed that it could be. I’m just saying that the process itself is entirely ephemeral, through written or electronic records alone.
Read my original comment again. I explicitly talk about banks borrowing to maintain liquidity. It’s an important limit on their ability to create money, and nobody said anything about infinite money supply.
But it doesn’t change the fact that the act of money creation is caused by a bank creating a loan, and the money comes into being without a single physical act of manufacturing: it happens on a computer, and before computers it happened on paper.
So without claiming that money was unlimited, I did point out that money itself is overwhelningly digital in the modern age. And the limits don’t come from any physical constraints.
Yes, the limit to commercial bank lending is creditworthiness and default risk (because the bank is left holding the bag when a borrower doesn’t repay), and the cost of maintaining liquidity (the bank can borrow against the loans it owns, but it may cost a higher interest rate than they’d earn on the cash they’ve lent out). This paper lays it out pretty clearly, and is basically the near unanimous view among macroeconomists.
Or, in some regulatory environments, banks are required to maintain a minimum fractional reserve, which limits the total amount of loans it can lend out with its underlying assets.
But the money is created when the loans are created, and destroyed when the loans are repaid. The other stuff behind the scenes to give the system stability is important, but doesn’t actually create or destroy money.
Not exactly. The central banks acting as a lender of last resort encourage the commercial banks to create money in this way, but be assured that the actual creation occurs whether the bank needs to borrow money or not. The definition of money supply looks to the balances in checking accounts, and creating and disbursing a loan increases the balance in a checking account (while simultaneously increasing the negative balance in a loan account, but loan balances don’t shrink the money supply), and as that money is spent it increases balances in someone else’s checking account.
It’s how all of it works. Money is just balances on double-entry bookkeeping, and the paper currency essentially is a piece of paper that the bearer of that paper is good for moving the balances in that ledger system.
And almost all of those ledgers are now digital.
We don’t have a fixed money supply in the modern system when banks can issue debt. Not even close. I suggest you read the Bank Of England’s paper called “Money Making in the Modern Economy” which I mentioned.
Yes, I’m quite familiar with that paper.
I’m not arguing that we have a fixed money supply. I was saying that if we were on a gold standard, in an alternative universe hypothetical, where the money supply was close to fixed, we would probably see worse price volatility.
Even with a fixed money supply, prices are still set by a formula that accounts for the velocity of money, or how often any particular unit of money is spent (I spend a dollar at the store, who spends the dollar with a supplier, who spends the dollar by paying a worker, who spends the dollar and so on and so forth). It also accounts for the total economic production.
Peg the whole thing to a semi fixed supply of gold and the prices can still change drastically with shifts in the velocity of money or total aggregate production. That’s why fiat currency is good, so that the central bank can pull on different levers to try to keep prices stable, even as different things are happening.
We already have mostly digital currency.
Money is created when a bank creates a loan, by starting with nothing and then splitting that nothing into a credit in one account (the borrower’s checking account, usually) and a debit in another (the borrower’s loan balance). From there, most transactions are digital where an ACH transfer or similar results in some numbers being subtracted from one account and added to another.
Almost all of this happens on computers, and even before computers it just happened literally on a paper ledger, with paper checks.
You might ask, “wait where does the bank get its money from to be able to allow money to be withdrawn or transferred to another bank?” If the bank doesn’t have the liquidity to do so, it can always borrow money from other banks or the government, with the last resort in the United States being the federal reserve banks, who by the way also print all the paper currency. So having that backstop is important for regular banks to have the power to create money, but the actual creation of money happens digitally to begin with, regardless of whether the bank later needs to distribute paper bills or borrow from the federal reserve.
I don’t know why you’d conclude that we’re going to be worse off than older generations. Dementia is multifaceted, and associated with a lot of variables, including some that have decreased over time.
Younger generations are far less likely to smoke, less likely to be exposed to concussive or sub concussive head trauma, and less likely to be exposed to loud noises that cause hearing loss. The standard of care for cardiovascular health is different, too, and faster interventions with statins and GLP-1s, greater availability and adherence to vaccine schedules (especially the shingles vaccine), all may result in much better old age health.
Will that make up for greater exposure to other factors that make us less healthy? I’d actually think so.
The fructose caveat you’ve given is huge, though. Almost all added sugar is in the form of sucrose (half fructose) or high fructose corn syrup (also half fructose).
Plus, quantity itself does matter, too. If the effect of adding a bunch of sugar is that the person ends up consuming more sugar overall, then that can affect health as well.
The point isn’t for everyone to remember everyone, with n * (n-1) links being made.
The point is for each person to be able to remember one person. Usually the hot chick.
MFW pickled things have expiry dates. Missing the point of pickling there buddy.
Quality of pickled foods can drop off over time. Plenty of fermented red sauces (colored red because of peppers or tomatoes) will turn brown over time from oxidation, which also dulls the flavors. Also, lots of pickled products are jarred still crisp but will degrade into mushy/soft textures over time.
Korean cooks have systems for how fresh kimchi should be for different dishes, as the fermentation continues even after putting it into jars. Newer kimchi is good as a dish on the table, older kimchi is good as an ingredient in stews or other things like that.
Hell, even wine keeps changing in the bottle, and can start tasting bad from being aged too long.
So there’s still benefit in labeling dates, so that consumers can understand how time affects quality.
The horse self driving mode is pretty good though, with its built-in hazard avoidance and lane keeping.
Why should I change—he’s the one who sucks!
People who die at 60 tend not to have very enjoyable 50’s.
I want to live a high quality life at least to 75, if not 80, and I’m guessing that will make it much more likely that I end up living to 90 or 100.
That’s just solar with extra steps!
My point is that the best in the world at those two sports compete in the top US professional leagues, and that anyone in the world is welcome to participate if they have the skill level. Nothing you’ve said addresses my point, and you’re arguing against something I’ve never said or implied.
To your point, though, both baseball and basketball are quite popular in the countries of origin of these international players. Baseball is huge in Japan, Korea, and much of Latin America. Basketball is huge in much of Europe, and the Euro League is competitive, as are the national leagues in Spain, Italy, and France. But the young stars from those leagues (and Turkey, Australia, and China) have been drafted into the NBA after having already proven themselves in professional competitive play. So not only are you arguing against something I never said, you just showed up, uninvited, to be wrong about it.